TUM Library

Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; Preface; Author Biography; Acknowledgment; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1. Preamble; 1.2. Definition and Category; 1.2.1. Agglomeration; 1.2.2. Sintering; 1.2.3. Pelletizing; 1.2.4. Briquetting; 1.3. Scope of Agglomeration; 1.4. Need for Agglomeration; 1.5. Raw Materials for Agglomeration; 1.6. The Agglomeration Processes; 1.6.1. Sintering; 1.6.2. Pelletization; 1.7. Iron Making; 1.8. R 1.9. Techno-Economics; 1.9.1. Sinter (Pellet) Plant Operation; 1.9.2. Usage of Agglomerates; 1.9.3. Reducing Operational Cost

1.9.4. Utilization of Slimes and Metallurgical Wastes1.10. Evolutionary Phases; 1.10.1. Sintering; 1.10.2. Pelletization; References; Chapter 2: Raw Materials: Characterization and Preparation; 2.1. Categories and Specifications; 2.1.1. Iron Ore; 2.1.2. Fluxes; 2.1.3. Solid Fuel; 2.1.4. Revert Materials/Metallurgical Wastes; 2.1.5. Binders; 2.2. Characterization of Raw Materials; 2.3. Genesis of Iron Ore; 2.4. Classification of Iron Ores; 2.4.1. Hematite Ores; 2.4.2. Magnetite Ore; 2.4.3. Goethite Ore; 2.4.4. Banded Hematite Quartzite/Jasper (BHQ/BHJ); 2.5. Mineralogy of Iron Ores

2.5.1. Iron Ore-Bearing Minerals2.5.2. Ores and Associated Minerals; 2.5.3. Mineralogical Characterization; 2.5.4. Liberation Characteristic of Minerals; 2.6. Preparation of Ores and Other Raw Materials; 2.6.1. Size Reduction and Size Classification; 2.6.2. Beneficiation Process; 2.6.3. Dewatering of Iron Ore Fines and Slimes; 2.7. Industrial Practice on Iron Ore Beneficiation and Process Flow Sheets; 2.7.1. Industrial Practice; 2.7.2. Process Flow-sheet; 2.7.3. Processing of Hematite Ores; 2.7.4. Processing of Goethite Ore; 2.7.5. Processing of Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ)

2.7.6. Iron Ore Slimes2.8. Handling of Iron Ores; References; Chapter 3: Iron-Making Processes; 3.1. Preamble; 3.2. Reduction of Iron Oxide; 3.2.1. Sequential Steps of Reduction; 3.2.2. Reduction Chemical Reactions; 3.3. Direct Reduction Processes; 3.3.1. Coal-Based Direct Reduction; 3.3.2. Gas-Based Direct Reduction; 3.4. Blast Furnace (BF) Iron-Making Process; 3.4.1. Operation; 3.4.2. Material Handling and Charging; 3.4.3. Raw Materials; 3.4.4. Products; 3.5. Blast Furnace (BF) Iron-Making Reactions; 3.5.1. Blast Furnace Zones: Reactions and Burden Properties

3.5.2. Solution Loss Reaction and Shaft Efficiency3.6. Blast Furnace Performance: Factors Affecting; 3.6.1. Chemical Composition of Burden Materials; 3.6.2. Blast Furnace Burden; 3.6.3. Size of Burden Materials and its Distribution; 3.6.4. Cold Strength and Reduction Parameters of Agglomerates; 3.6.5. Permeability of the Stack Zone; 3.6.6. Permeability in Cohesive Zone; 3.6.7. Formation of Slag and its Characteristics; References; Chapter 4: Agglomerates in Iron-Making Processes; 4.1. Preamble; 4.2. Agglomerates in Iron-Making Processes; 4.2.1. Iron Ore Pellets in Direct Reduction (DR)

This book focuses on agglomeration, or the size enlargement process, of iron ores. This process sits at the interface of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. The book begins with a discussion of raw materials preparation and the beneficiation process. It then describes fundamental principles of the sintering and pelletization processes, including formation of green mix through granulation and green balls as well as chemical reactions during sintering. Finally, it offers a brief description of iron making processes and correlations related to the agglomerates: quality parameters and BF productivity and coke rate.

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